Abstract           

Although private instruction is considered a shadow of the official system, the aim of this paper is to show that they are not only a consequence of the educational system, but that they have a moderating role on it. Based on the conceptual model, after the analysis of the characteristics of individual scales used in the research, an exploratory factor analysis was performed for all constructs of the conceptual model, which included the selection of variables in individual factors based on their metric characteristics. However, the obtained results pointed to the inadequacy of the sample to approach the assessment of the structural model, and conclusions about the model were made based on the previous analysis, and they were used to improve the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument in possible further research. The moderating role of instructions on the success of passing the exam has been proven, and of the factors that influenced the success of passing the exam, only prior knowledge proved to be statistically reliable. The obtained results will contribute to a better understanding of this growing phenomenon, explain the motivation, but also encourage further research.

Keywords       Exam performance, factor analysis, private instructions, students, teaching.